<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Linkbase Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2022-03-01T08:57:55.3945+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2022 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashDetails" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashDetails" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFairValueOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesSummaryOfFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredAtFairValueOnRecurringBasisDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureFairValueOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesSummaryOfFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredAtFairValueOnRecurringBasisDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureInvestmentsScheduleOfInvestmentsBySecurityTypeDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureInvestmentsScheduleOfInvestmentsBySecurityTypeDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureInvestmentsScheduleOfAmortizedCostAndFairValueOfInvestmentsByContractualMaturityDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureInvestmentsScheduleOfAmortizedCostAndFairValueOfInvestmentsByContractualMaturityDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfFutureUndiscountedCashInflowsUnderSubleaseDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfFutureUndiscountedCashInflowsUnderSubleaseDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfOperatingLeaseAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfOperatingLeaseAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesScheduleOfFuturePaymentsOfOperatingLeaseLiabilitiesDetail2" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureLeasesScheduleOfFuturePaymentsOfOperatingLeaseLiabilitiesDetail2" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfLeaseCostsDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfLeaseCostsDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesScheduleOfFuturePaymentsOfOperatingLeaseLiabilitiesDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureLeasesScheduleOfFuturePaymentsOfOperatingLeaseLiabilitiesDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureNotesPayableSummaryOfFuturePrincipalPaymentsDueUnderArrangementExcludingInterestAndEndOfTermChargeDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureNotesPayableSummaryOfFuturePrincipalPaymentsDueUnderArrangementExcludingInterestAndEndOfTermChargeDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesScheduleOfReconciliationOfUSFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRateToCompanySEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesScheduleOfReconciliationOfUSFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRateToCompanySEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesScheduleOfNetDeferredTaxAssetsDetail" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesScheduleOfNetDeferredTaxAssetsDetail" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermNotesPayable" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="mcrb_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrentRelatedParty" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent" order="4" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" order="4" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" order="4" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="mcrb_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentRelatedParty" order="4" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" order="5" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" order="5" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedInvestmentsNoncurrent" order="5" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" order="6" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" order="7" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermNotesPayable"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesPayableCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrentRelatedParty" xlink:label="mcrb_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrentRelatedParty"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentRelatedParty" xlink:label="mcrb_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrentRelatedParty"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedInvestmentsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedInvestmentsNoncurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" order="1" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" order="1" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" order="1" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="mcrb_RevenueFromGrant" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="mcrb_ProfitLossFromResearchAgreementRelatedParty" order="2" weight="-1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" order="2" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="mcrb_RevenueFromResearchAgreement" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestructuringCharges" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_RevenueFromGrant" xlink:label="mcrb_RevenueFromGrant"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_ProfitLossFromResearchAgreementRelatedParty" xlink:label="mcrb_ProfitLossFromResearchAgreementRelatedParty"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_RevenueFromResearchAgreement" xlink:label="mcrb_RevenueFromResearchAgreement"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringCharges" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringCharges"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" order="0" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="mcrb_ProceedsFromSecuritiesPurchaseAgreementNetOfIssuanceCostsRelatedParty" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInvestments" order="1" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleMaturityAndCollectionsOfInvestments" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="mcrb_ProceedsFromAtTheMarketEquityOfferingNetOfCommissions" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="mcrb_NonCashOperatingLeaseCost" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDebtIssuanceCosts" order="4" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts" order="4" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments" order="5" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" order="5" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="mcrb_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockAndRestrictedCommonStock" order="6" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" order="6" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="mcrb_ProfitLossFromResearchAgreementRelatedParty" order="7" weight="-1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="mcrb_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAndLongTermAssets" order="8" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable" order="8" weight="-1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans" order="9" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" order="10" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" order="11" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" order="12" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="mcrb_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiabilities" order="13" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" order="14" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_ProceedsFromSecuritiesPurchaseAgreementNetOfIssuanceCostsRelatedParty" xlink:label="mcrb_ProceedsFromSecuritiesPurchaseAgreementNetOfIssuanceCostsRelatedParty"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInvestments"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleMaturityAndCollectionsOfInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleMaturityAndCollectionsOfInvestments"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebt"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_ProceedsFromAtTheMarketEquityOfferingNetOfCommissions" xlink:label="mcrb_ProceedsFromAtTheMarketEquityOfferingNetOfCommissions"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_NonCashOperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="mcrb_NonCashOperatingLeaseCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsOfDebtIssuanceCosts" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDebtIssuanceCosts"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockAndRestrictedCommonStock" xlink:label="mcrb_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockAndRestrictedCommonStock"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_ProfitLossFromResearchAgreementRelatedParty" xlink:label="mcrb_ProfitLossFromResearchAgreementRelatedParty"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAndLongTermAssets" xlink:label="mcrb_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAndLongTermAssets"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:label="mcrb_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiabilities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashDetails">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" order="0" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent" order="1" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashNoncurrent"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFairValueOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesSummaryOfFairValueHierarchyForAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredAtFairValueOnRecurringBasisDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureInvestmentsScheduleOfInvestmentsBySecurityTypeDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" order="0" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureInvestmentsScheduleOfAmortizedCostAndFairValueOfInvestmentsByContractualMaturityDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearAmortizedCost" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsAmortizedCost" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearAmortizedCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearAmortizedCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsAmortizedCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsAmortizedCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" order="1" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesSummaryOfAccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="mcrb_AccruedDevelopmentAndClinicalManufacturingCostsCurrent" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="mcrb_AccruedLiabilityRelatedTo2021LicenseAgreementCurrent" order="2" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="mcrb_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_AccruedDevelopmentAndClinicalManufacturingCostsCurrent" xlink:label="mcrb_AccruedDevelopmentAndClinicalManufacturingCostsCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_AccruedLiabilityRelatedTo2021LicenseAgreementCurrent" xlink:label="mcrb_AccruedLiabilityRelatedTo2021LicenseAgreementCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfFutureUndiscountedCashInflowsUnderSubleaseDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="mcrb_LesseeOperatingSubleasePaymentsToBeReceived" xlink:to="mcrb_LesseeOperatingSubleasePaymentsToBeReceivedNextTwelveMonths" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_LesseeOperatingSubleasePaymentsToBeReceived" xlink:label="mcrb_LesseeOperatingSubleasePaymentsToBeReceived"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_LesseeOperatingSubleasePaymentsToBeReceivedNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="mcrb_LesseeOperatingSubleasePaymentsToBeReceivedNextTwelveMonths"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfOperatingLeaseAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesScheduleOfFuturePaymentsOfOperatingLeaseLiabilitiesDetail2">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesSummaryOfLeaseCostsDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubleaseIncome" order="3" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableLeaseCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SubleaseIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubleaseIncome"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLeasesScheduleOfFuturePaymentsOfOperatingLeaseLiabilitiesDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" order="3" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="mcrb_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFour" order="5" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFour" xlink:label="mcrb_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFour"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureNotesPayableSummaryOfFuturePrincipalPaymentsDueUnderArrangementExcludingInterestAndEndOfTermChargeDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebt"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesScheduleOfReconciliationOfUSFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRateToCompanySEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" order="1" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent" order="4" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" order="5" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseShareBasedCompensationCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherReconcilingItemsPercent"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://serestherapeutics.com/20211231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesScheduleOfNetDeferredTaxAssetsDetail">
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" order="0" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" order="1" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:to="mcrb_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesRightOfUseAssets" order="1" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" order="2" weight="-1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsCapitalizedOrganizationCosts" order="2" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" order="3" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability" order="4" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards" order="5" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" order="6" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities" order="7" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredExpenseCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" order="8" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsSection163JLimitationCARESAct" order="9" weight="1.00" use="optional"/>
    <link:calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment" order="10" weight="1" use="optional"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesRightOfUseAssets" xlink:label="mcrb_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesRightOfUseAssets"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsCapitalizedOrganizationCosts" xlink:label="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsCapitalizedOrganizationCosts"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability" xlink:label="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsLeaseLiability"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredIncome"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredExpenseCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" xlink:label="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredExpenseCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="mcrb-20211231.xsd#mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsSection163JLimitationCARESAct" xlink:label="mcrb_DeferredTaxAssetsSection163JLimitationCARESAct"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
  </link:calculationLink>
</link:linkbase>
