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<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2024-03-05T09:23:37.6990+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2024 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="mcrb_IncreaseDeductionForAwardsGrantedDuringPriorFyThatWereOutstandingAndUnvestedMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Increase/deduction for Awards Granted During Prior FY that were Outstanding and Unvested [Member]</link:label>
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          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="mcrb_IncreaseBasedOnDividendsOrOtherEarningsPaidDuringApplicableFyPriorToVestingDateMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Increase Based on Dividends or Other Earnings Paid During Applicable FY Prior to Vesting Date [Member]</link:label>
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          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="mcrb_IncreaseBasedOnAsc718FairValueOfAwardsGrantedDuringApplicableFyThatVestedDuringApplicableFyMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Increase Based on ASC 718 Fair Value of Awards Granted During Applicable FY that Vested During Applicable FY [Member]</link:label>
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